Lymphatics of the Body - Listed Alphabetically
|
| Structure |
Location |
Afferents from |
Efferents to |
Regions drained |
Notes |
| accessory nodes |
posterior triangle of the neck, arranged along the accessory n. |
occipital nodes, retroauricular nodes |
transverse cervical chain of nodes |
occipital region and posterior scalp |
accessory nodes also collect lymph from the nape of the neck and the region
overlying the supraspinatous fossa |
| anterior auricular nodes |
subcutaneous connective tissue anterior to the ear |
lymphatic vessels from the side of the head |
superior parotid nodes; superior deep cervical nodes |
anterior part of the parietal region of the scalp; anterior surface of the
ear and external acoustic meatus |
anterior auricular nodes are 1 or 2 in number |
| anterior jugular nodes |
along the anterior jugular vein |
lymphatic vessels from the anterior inferior part of the neck |
inferior deep cervical nodes |
skin and mm. of the anterior infrahyoid region of the neck |
anterior jugular nodes are located between the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia and the infrahyoid mm. (Latin, jugulum = throat) |
| anterior mediastinal nodes |
along the course of the brachiocephalic vessels and aorta |
lymphatic vessels from the anterior mediastinum and middle mediastinum |
bronchomediastinal trunk |
thymus, anterior respiratory diaphragm, pericardium, part of the heart |
anterior mediastinal nodes are from 2 to 5 in number |
| apical axillary nodes |
apex of the axilla |
lateral axillary nodes; central axillary nodes; subscapular axillary nodes;
pectoral nodes; accessory lymphatic vessels from the mammary gland; lymphatic
vessels accompanying the cephalic v. |
subclavian lymphatic trunk; deep cervical lymph nodes |
upper limb, most of the mammary gland, some of the anterolateral chest wall,
posterior thoracic wall and scapular region
| apical axillary nodes are 6- 12 in number; this is the highest node group
in the axilla and all other node groups drain through these nodes; a very important
group of nodes in cases of metastatic spread of breast cancer; connections
to deep cervical nodes may result in spread of breast cancer through the deep
neck |
| auricular nodes, anterior |
subcutaneous connective tissue anterior to the ear |
lymphatic vessels from the side of the head |
superior parotid nodes; superior deep cervical nodes |
anterior part of the parietal region of the scalp; anterior surface of the
ear and external acoustic meatus |
anterior auricular nodes are 1 or 2 in number |
| axillary nodes |
axilla |
cubital nodes; lymphatic vessels from the upper limb, thoracic wall and
subscapular region |
efferents vessels form the subclavian trunk, some drainage to inferior deep
cervical nodes |
upper limb, most of the mammary gland, some of the anterolateral chest wall,
posterior thoracic wall and scapular region |
axillary nodes number from 20 to 30 and are organized in five groups based
on their position within the axilla: 1) pectoral nodes, along the lateral border
of the pectoralis major m.; 2) lateral nodes, located along the distal axillary
v.; 3) central nodes, centrally located along axillary v.; 4) subscapular nodes,
located along the subscapular v. and its tributaries; 5) apical nodes, located
at the apex of axilla |
| axillary nodes, apical |
apex of the axilla |
lateral axillary nodes; central axillary nodes; subscapular axillary nodes;
pectoral nodes; accessory lymphatic vessels from the mammary gland; lymphatic
vessels accompanying the cephalic v. |
subclavian lymphatic trunk; deep cervical lymph nodes |
upper limb, most of the mammary gland, some of the anterolateral chest wall,
posterior thoracic wall and scapular region
| apical axillary nodes are 6- 12 in number; this is the highest node group
in the axilla and all other node groups drain through these nodes; a very important
group of nodes in cases of metastatic spread of breast cancer; connections
to deep cervical nodes may result in spread of breast cancer through the deep
neck |
| axillary nodes, central |
in the fat of the axilla |
lateral axillary nodes; pectoral nodes; subscapular nodes; lymphatic vessels
from the mammary gland and upper limb |
apical axillary nodes |
upper limb, most of the mammary gland, some of the anterolateral chest wall,
posterior thoracic wall and scapular region |
central axillary nodes are 4 or 5 in number; they are involved in cancer
of the mammary gland |
| axillary nodes, lateral |
along the distal axillary v. |
cubital nodes; lymphatic vessels of the arm |
central axillary nodes, apical axillary nodes |
upper limb |
lateral axillary nodes become inflamed during upper limb infections; also
known as: brachial nodes |
| axillary nodes, subscapular |
along the course of the subscapular vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the skin of the back and back of the neck; lymphatic
vessels from the muscles of the scapular region |
central axillary nodes |
skin of the back and back of the neck; muscles of the scapular and subscapular
regions |
subscapular axillary nodes are 5 or 6 in number; also known as: posterior
axillary nodes |
| bronchomediastinal trunk |
along the course of the brachiocephalic v. |
union of efferents from the paratracheal nodes, parasternal nodes and anterior
mediastinal nodes |
left: thoracic duct; right: right lymphatic duct |
thoracic wall and viscera; medial part of the mammary gland |
right bronchomediastinal trunk receives lymph from the lower lobe of the
left lung; bronchomediastinal trunk may drain directly into the venous system
on either side |
| bronchopulmonary nodes |
hilum of the lung |
pulmonary nodes |
tracheobronchial nodes |
lung |
bronchopulmonary nodes are also known as: hilar nodes |
| celiac nodes |
around the celiac trunk |
hepatic nodes, gastric nodes, pancreaticosplenic nodes |
intestinal lymph trunk |
liver, gall bladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas |
celiac nodes are from 3 to 6 in number (Greek, celiac = belly) |
| central axillary nodes |
in the fat of the axilla |
lateral axillary nodes; pectoral nodes; subscapular nodes; lymphatic vessels
from the mammary gland and upper limb |
apical axillary nodes |
upper limb, most of the mammary gland, some of the anterolateral chest wall,
posterior thoracic wall and scapular region |
central axillary nodes are 4 or 5 in number; they are involved in cancer
of the mammary gland |
| cervical nodes, deep |
in and around carotid sheath posterior and lateral to the internal jugular
v. |
lymphatic vessels and numerous node groups from the head and neck |
jugular trunk |
head and neck |
superior and inferior subdivisions of deep cervical nodes are delineated
by the crossing of the omohyoid m. |
| cisterna chyli |
between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava anterior to the body
of the L1 or L2 vertebra |
right and & left lumbar trunks; possibly the intestinal trunk |
thoracic duct |
all of the body below the respiratory diaphragm; all of the abdominal and
pelvic viscera |
cisterna chyli is an enlargement of the lower end of the thoracic duct; it occurs in about 25% of individuals (Latin, cisterna = an underground reservoir or tank of water) |
| colic nodes, middle |
along the course of the middle colic vessels |
peripheral nodes located along the attachment of the mesentery |
superior mesenteric nodes |
transverse colon |
middle colic nodes are approximately 40 in number |
| colic nodes, right |
along the course of the right colic vessels |
peripheral nodes located along the marginal a. |
superior mesenteric nodes |
ascending colon, cecum |
right colic nodes are approximately 70 in number |
| common iliac nodes |
along the common iliac vessels; over the sacral promontory |
external iliac nodes, internal iliac nodes |
lumbar (lateral aortic) chain of nodes |
lower limb; pelvic organs, perineum, lower part of the anterior abdominal
wall |
common iliac nodes are approximately 6 in number |
| cubital nodes |
cubital fossa of the upper limb |
lymphatic vessels from the forearm |
lateral axillary nodes |
deep tissues of the forearm and hand |
cubital nodes small and are 5 or 6 in number |
| cystic node |
near the neck of the gall bladder |
lymphatic vessels of the gall bladder |
hepatic nodes |
gall bladder |
cystic node drains to the node of the omental foramen, then to hepatic nodes |
| deep cervical nodes |
in and around carotid sheath posterior and lateral to the internal jugular
v. |
lymphatic vessels and numerous node groups from the head and neck |
jugular trunk |
head and neck |
superior and inferior subdivisions of deep cervical nodes are delineated
by the crossing of the omohyoid m. |
| deep cervical nodes, inferior |
around the internal jugular v., inferior to the crossing of the omohyoid
m. |
superior deep cervical nodes; numerous node groups of the neck |
jugular trunk |
head and neck |
inferior deep cervical nodes are in direct continuity with the superior
deep cervical chain of nodes |
| deep cervical nodes, superior |
around the internal jugular v., superior to the crossing of the omohyoid
m. |
numerous node groups of the head and upper neck, including retropharyngeal
nodes and deep parotid nodes |
inferior deep cervical nodes |
head and the superior part of the neck |
the superior deep cervical node group has many large nodes; the jugulodigastric
and juguloomohyoid nodes are members of this group |
| deep inguinal nodes |
along the medial side of the femoral v. deep to the fascia lata and inguinal
ligament |
superficial inguinal nodes, popliteal nodes |
external iliac nodes |
lower limb, external genitalia, lower part of the anterior abdominal wall |
the deep inguinal node in the femoral canal is called the node (or gland)
of Cloquet |
| deep parotid nodes |
on the lateral side of the pharyngeal wall, deep to the parotid gland |
lymphatic vessels from the ear |
superior deep cervical nodes |
external acoustic meatus, auditory tube, middle ear |
deep parotid nodes are part of the deep cervical chain of nodes (Greek, parotid = the gland beside the ear) |
| external iliac nodes |
along the external iliac vessels |
superficial inguinal nodes; deep inguinal nodes; inferior epigastric nodes
|
common iliac nodes |
lower limb; external genitalia; lower part of the anterior abdominal wall |
external iliac nodes are 8 to 10 in number |
| external jugular nodes |
along the external jugular v. |
lymphatic vessels from the side of the head |
superior deep cervical nodes |
inferior part of the ear and the parotid region |
there are one or two nodes in this group (Latin, jugulum = throat) |
| facial nodes |
along the course of the facial a. and v. |
lymphatic vessels from the face |
submandibular nodes |
eyelids, nose, cheek and lips |
facial nodes are grouped inferior to the orbit; at the angle of the mouth
and over the mandible |
| gastric nodes, left |
on the lesser curvature of the stomach, along the course of the left gastric
vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the lesser curvature of the stomach |
celiac nodes |
lesser curvature of the stomach |
left gastric nodes are 10 to 20 in number |
| gastric nodes, right |
on the lesser curvature of the stomach, along the course of the right gastric
vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the lesser curvature of the stomach |
celiac nodes |
lesser curvature of the stomach |
right gastric nodes are 2 to 3 in number |
| gastro-omental nodes, left |
on the greater curvature of the stomach, along the left gastro-omental vessels
|
lymphatic vessels from the greater curvature of the stomach |
splenic nodes |
left half of the greater curvature of the stomach |
left gastro-omental nodes are 1 or 2 in number |
| gastro-omental nodes, right |
on the greater curvature of the stomach, along the right gastro-omental
vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the greater curvature of the stomach |
pyloric nodes |
greater curvature of the stomach |
right gastro-omental nodes are 6 to 12 in number |
| hepatic nodes |
along the course of the common hepatic a. |
right gastric nodes, pyloric nodes |
celiac nodes |
liver and gall bladder; extrahepatic biliary apparatus; respiratory diaphragm;
head of pancreas and duodenum |
hepatic nodes drain a portion of the respiratory diaphragm because of the
common embryonic origin of the diaphragm and the liver (septum transversum) |
| hilar nodes |
at hilum of lung |
pulmonary nodes |
tracheobronchial nodes |
lung |
also known as: bronchopulmonary nodes |
| ileocolic nodes |
along the origin and terminal end of the ileocolic vessels |
peripheral nodes located along the attachment of the mesentery |
superior mesenteric nodes |
ileum, cecum, appendix |
ileocolic nodes located near the ileocecal junction may be divided into
two subsidiary groups: cecal nodes and appendicular nodes |
| iliac nodes, common |
along the common iliac vessels; over the sacral promontory |
external iliac nodes, internal iliac nodes |
lumbar (lateral aortic) chain of nodes |
lower limb; pelvic organs, perineum, lower part of the anterior abdominal
wall |
common iliac nodes are approximately 6 in number |
| iliac nodes, external |
along the external iliac vessels |
superficial inguinal nodes; deep inguinal nodes; inferior epigastric nodes
|
common iliac nodes |
lower limb; external genitalia; lower part of the anterior abdominal wall |
external iliac nodes are 8 to 10 in number |
| iliac nodes, internal |
along the internal iliac vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the pelvic viscera |
common iliac nodes, external iliac nodes |
pelvis, perineum and gluteal region |
internal iliac nodes are 4 to 8 in number |
| inferior deep cervical nodes |
around the internal jugular v., inferior to the crossing of the omohyoid
m. |
superior deep cervical nodes; numerous node groups of the neck |
jugular trunk |
head and neck |
inferior deep cervical nodes are in direct continuity with the superior
deep cervical chain of nodes |
| inferior mesenteric nodes |
around the root of the inferior mesenteric a. |
peripheral nodes located along the marginal a. |
lumbar chain of nodes, superior mesenteric nodes |
distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum |
inferior mesenteric nodes may number as high as 90; an important node group
in cases of cancer of the colon and rectum |
| inferior tracheobronchial nodes |
inferior to tracheal bifurcation |
bronchopulmonary nodes, left side inferior tracheobronchial nodes drain
into right inferior tracheobronchial nodes |
right superior tracheobronchial nodes |
lower lobes of the lungs; middle mediastinum; posterior mediastinum |
left inferior tracheobronchial nodes drain to the right side |
| infraclavicular nodes |
along the cephalic v. in the deltopectoral groove |
lymphatic vessels from the superficial upper limb |
apical axillary nodes |
skin and superficial fascia of the upper limb |
infraclavicular nodes may become inflamed during infections of the superficial
tissues of the upper limb |
| inguinal nodes, deep |
along the medial side of the femoral v. deep to the fascia lata and inguinal
ligament |
superficial inguinal nodes, popliteal nodes |
external iliac nodes |
lower limb, external genitalia, lower part of the anterior abdominal wall |
the deep inguinal node in the femoral canal is called the node (or gland)
of Cloquet |
| inguinal nodes, superficial |
in the superficial fascia parallel to the inguinal ligament and along the
terminal part of the greater saphenous v. |
lymphatic vessels from the superficial lower limb, superficial abdominal
wall, perineum |
external iliac nodes; deep inguinal nodes |
lower abdominal wall; external genitalia; superficial parts of the lower
limb |
superficial inguinal nodes are 12-20 in number; they become inflamed during
infections of the lower limb; they may become inflamed during infections of
the external genitalia |
| intercostal nodes |
near the heads of the ribs |
lymphatic vessels from the intercostal space |
cisterna chyli/thoracic duct, jugulosubclavian duct |
intercostal space and posterolateral thoracic wall |
usually two nodes occur in each intercostal space |
| internal iliac nodes |
along the internal iliac vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the pelvic viscera |
common iliac nodes, external iliac nodes |
pelvis, perineum and gluteal region |
internal iliac nodes are 4 to 8 in number |
| intestinal lymphatic trunk |
left side of the abdominal aorta or between the abdominal aorta and the
inferior vena cava near the level of the superior mesenteric artery |
union of efferent lymphatic vessels from the celiac nodes and superior mesenteric
nodes |
left lumbar trunk or the cisterna chyli/thoracic duct |
large and small intestines |
intestinal lymph trunk carries lymph that is rich in fat; drains into the
left lumbar trunk (70%), cisterna chyli (25%) or right lumbar trunk (5%) |
| jugular lymphatic trunk |
carotid sheath in root of neck |
deep cervical nodes |
left: thoracic duct near its termination; right: right lymphatic duct or
junction of right subclavian and right internal jugular vv. |
head & neck |
jugular trunk carries most of the lymph from the head and neck |
| jugular nodes, anterior |
along the anterior jugular vein |
lymphatic vessels from the anterior inferior part of the neck |
inferior deep cervical nodes |
skin and mm. of the anterior infrahyoid region of the neck |
anterior jugular nodes are located between the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia and the infrahyoid mm. (Latin, jugulum = throat) |
| jugular nodes, external |
along the external jugular v. |
lymphatic vessels from the side of the head |
superior deep cervical nodes |
inferior part of the ear and the parotid region |
there are one or two nodes in this group (Latin, jugulum = throat) |
| jugulodigastric node |
anterolateral to internal jugular v. where it is crossed by posterior belly
of the digastric |
superior deep cervical nodes |
inferior deep cervical nodes |
oral cavity, tongue, palatine tonsil |
a member of the superior deep cervical node group; important node to palpate during physical exam (Latin, jugulum = throat) |
| juguloomohyoid node |
lateral to internal jugular v. where it is crossed by superior belly of
omohyoid |
superior deep cervical nodes |
inferior deep cervical nodes |
submental region and tip of tongue; head & neck above this level |
an important node to examine in cases of oral cancer caused by use of tobacco products (Latin, jugulum = throat) |
| juxtavisceral nodes |
adjacent to the cervical viscera |
cervical viscera |
superior deep cervical nodes, inferior deep cervical nodes |
esophagus, larynx, trachea and thyroid gland |
four groups of juxtavisceral nodes are recognized: infrahyoid, prelaryngeal,
pretracheal and paratracheal |
| lateral aortic nodes |
along the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta from the aortic bifurcation
to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm |
common iliac nodes; lymphatic vessels from the posterior abdominal wall
and viscera |
efferents form one lumbar trunk on each side |
lower limb; pelvic organs; perineum; anterior and posterior abdominal wall;
kidney; suprarenal gland; respiratory diaphragm |
also known as: lumbar nodes; the intestinal trunk drains into to the left
lumbar trunk; the lumbar trunks unite to form the thoracic duct/cisterna chyli |
| lateral axillary nodes |
along the distal axillary v. |
cubital nodes; lymphatic vessels of the arm |
central axillary nodes, apical axillary nodes |
upper limb |
lateral axillary nodes become inflamed during upper limb infections; also
known as: brachial nodes |
| left gastric nodes |
on the lesser curvature of the stomach, along the course of the left gastric
vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the lesser curvature of the stomach |
celiac nodes |
lesser curvature of the stomach |
left gastric nodes are 10 to 20 in number |
| left gastro-omental nodes |
on the greater curvature of the stomach, along the left gastro-omental vessels
|
lymphatic vessels from the greater curvature of the stomach |
splenic nodes |
left half of the greater curvature of the stomach |
left gastro-omental nodes are 1 or 2 in number |
| lumbar nodes |
along the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta from the aortic bifurcation
to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm |
common iliac nodes; lymphatic vessels from the posterior abdominal wall
and viscera |
efferents form one lumbar trunk on each side |
lower limb; pelvic organs; perineum; anterior and posterior abdominal wall;
kidney; suprarenal gland; respiratory diaphragm |
also known as: lateral aortic nodes; the intestinal trunk drains into to
the left lumbar trunk; the lumbar trunks unite to form the thoracic duct/cisterna
chyli |
| lumbar trunk |
between the lumbar vertebral bodies and inferior vena cava (right) or aorta
(left) at the upper end of the lumbar chain of nodes |
lumbar (lateral aortic) nodes; the intestinal trunk joins the left lumbar
trunk |
thoracic duct/cisterna chyli |
left lumbar trunk - left side of the body below the respiratory diaphragm,
gut; right lumbar trunk - right side of body below the diaphragm |
lumbar trunks unite to form the lower end of the thoracic duct; an enlargement
of the lower end of the thoracic duct (called the cisterna chyli) occurs in
about 25% of individuals, and when it is present, the lumbar trunks drain into
it |
| mediastinal nodes, anterior |
along the course of the brachiocephalic vessels and aorta |
lymphatic vessels from the anterior mediastinum and middle mediastinum |
bronchomediastinal trunk |
thymus, anterior respiratory diaphragm, pericardium, part of the heart |
anterior mediastinal nodes are from 2 to 5 in number |
| mediastinal nodes, posterior |
along azygos system of veins and esophagus |
viscera of the posterior mediastinum and chest wall |
thoracic duct, inferior tracheobronchial nodes, superior tracheobronchial
nodes |
posterior mediastinum, posterior aspect of the heart and pericardium, posterior
part of the respiratory diaphragm |
posterior mediastinal nodes drain primarily to the thoracic duct |
| mesenteric nodes |
along the vasa recta and branches of the superior mesenteric a. between
the leaves of peritoneum forming the mesentery |
peripheral nodes located along the attachment of the mesentery |
superior mesenteric nodes |
small intestine |
mesenteric nodes may number as many as 200; an important node group in cases
of intestinal cancer |
| mesenteric nodes, inferior |
around the root of the inferior mesenteric a. |
peripheral nodes located along the marginal a. |
lumbar chain of nodes, superior mesenteric nodes |
distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum |
inferior mesenteric nodes may number as high as 90; an important node group
in cases of cancer of the colon and rectum |
| mesenteric nodes, superior |
along the course of the superior mesenteric a. |
mesenteric nodes, ileocolic nodes, right colic nodes, middle colic nodes |
celiac nodes, intestinal lymph trunk |
gut and viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric a. |
superior mesenteric nodes are important in the spread of cancer from the
small and large intestine |
| middle colic nodes |
along the course of the middle colic vessels |
peripheral nodes located along the attachment of the mesentery |
superior mesenteric nodes |
transverse colon |
middle colic nodes are approximately 40 in number |
| occipital nodes |
superior nuchal line, along the course of the occipital a. and v. |
lymphatic vessels from the posterior head and neck |
accessory nodes |
occipital part of the scalp and the superior neck |
occipital nodes are 2 or 3 nodes located between the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid m. and the trapezius m. (Latin, occiput = the back of the head) |
| pancreaticoduodenal nodes |
along the pancreaticoduodenal arcade of vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the duodenum and pancreas |
pyloric nodes |
duodenum and head of the pancreas |
lymph from the pancreas is drained in three different directions: pancreaticoduodenal
nodes, pancreaticosplenic nodes, superior mesenteric nodes |
| pancreaticosplenic nodes |
along the splenic vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the pancreas and greater curvature of the stomach |
celiac nodes |
neck, body and tail of the pancreas; left half of the greater curvature
of the stomach |
lymph from the pancreas is drained in three different directions: pandreaticoduodenal
nodes, pancreaticosplenic nodes, superior mesenteric nodes |
| paracardial nodes |
around the esophagogastric junction |
lymphatic vessels of the fundus and cardia of the stomach |
left gastric nodes |
fundus and cardia of the stomach |
paracardial nodes are 5 or 6 in number |
| pararectal nodes |
along the course of the superior rectal vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the rectum and anal canal |
inferior mesenteric nodes |
rectum and anal canal |
pararectal nodes are small lymph nodes that are not well localized |
| parasternal nodes |
lateral border of sternum, along the course of the internal thoracic vessels |
anterior phrenic nodes, lymphatic vessels from the anterior thoracic wall |
larger lymphatic vessels in the root of the neck |
medial side of the mammary gland; medial part of the anterior chest wall
and muscles |
parasternal nodes constitute an important drainage pattern in cases of cancer
of the mammary gland; one or two parasternal nodes may be found in the anterior
end of intercostal spaces 1-6; also known as: sternal nodes |
| paratracheal nodes |
coursing along the lateral surface of the trachea and esophagus |
superior tracheobronchial nodes |
bronchomediastinal trunk |
lungs, trachea, upper esophagus, the part of the larynx below the vocal
folds |
paratracheal nodes are an important group of nodes in cases of pulmonary
infection or lung cancer; also known as: tracheal nodes |
| parotid nodes, deep |
on the lateral side of the pharyngeal wall, deep to the parotid gland |
lymphatic vessels from the ear |
superior deep cervical nodes |
external acoustic meatus, auditory tube, middle ear |
deep parotid nodes are part of the deep cervical chain of nodes |
| parotid nodes, superficial |
superficial to the parotid gland and also deep to the parotid fascia |
anterior auricular nodes |
superior deep cervical nodes |
anterior surface of the ear and external acoustic meatus; temporal and frontal
regions; eyelids, lacrimal gland cheek and nose |
superficial parotid nodes are up to 10 in number and may be located superficial
or deep to the parotid fascia |
| pectoral nodes |
along the lateral border of the pectoralis major m. along the course of
the lateral thoracic vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the mammary gland and anterolateral thoracic wall
|
central axillary nodes |
anterolateral thoracic wall and muscles; most of the mammary gland
| an important group of nodes to examine during a breast physical exam; also
known as: anterior axillary nodes |
| phrenic nodes |
on the thoracic surface of the respiratory diaphragm |
lymphatic vessels from the diaphragm, liver and thoracic wall |
lumbar nodes, posterior mediastinal nodes |
superior surface of the liver, respiratory diaphragm |
phrenic nodes drain two structures that are very closely related in developmental origin - the liver and diaphragm (septum transversum); three subgroups of phrenic nodes are recognized: anterior, middle and posterior (Greek, phrenic = diaphragm) |
| popliteal nodes |
in the popliteal fossa along the popliteal vessels |
lymphatic vessels that accompany the anterior tibial , posterior tibial
and fibular vessels |
deep and superficial inguinal nodes |
leg and foot |
5 or 6 nodes located in the fat of the popliteal fossa |
| posterior mediastinal nodes |
along azygos system of veins and esophagus |
viscera of the posterior mediastinum and chest wall |
thoracic duct, inferior tracheobronchial nodes, superior tracheobronchial
nodes |
posterior mediastinum, posterior aspect of the heart and pericardium, posterior
part of the respiratory diaphragm |
posterior mediastinal nodes drain primarily to the thoracic duct (Latin, medius = middle + stare = stand, thus that area which stands in the middle of the thorax) |
| pulmonary nodes |
within the lung parenchyma |
lymphatic vessels from the parenchyma of the lung |
bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes |
lung parenchyma, bronchial tree within the lungs |
pulmonary nodes are located along the larger bronchi of the lung |
| pyloric nodes |
near the termination of the gastroduodenal a. |
pancreaticoduodenal nodes |
hepatic nodes |
head of pancreas and duodenum; right half of greater curvature of stomach |
pyloric nodes are 6 to 8 in number (Greek, pylorus = a gatekeeper) |
| retroauricular nodes |
posterior to the ear |
lymphatic vessels from the ear and side of the head |
superior deep cervical nodes |
scalp overlying the posterior parietal region; skin of the posterior surface
of the ear |
retroauricular nodes are 1 or 2 nodes located at the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid
m. |
| retropharyngeal nodes |
posterior to pharynx in the retropharyngeal space |
lymphatic vessels from the nasal and pharyngeal regions |
superior deep cervical nodes |
nasal fossae, paranasal sinuses, hard palate, soft palate, middle ear, oropharynx |
retropharyngeal nodes are one or two in number; they are part of the deep
cervical chain of nodes |
| right colic nodes |
along the course of the right colic vessels |
peripheral nodes located along the marginal a. |
superior mesenteric nodes |
ascending colon, cecum |
right colic nodes are approximately 70 in number |
| right gastric nodes |
on the lesser curvature of the stomach, along the course of the right gastric
vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the lesser curvature of the stomach |
celiac nodes |
lesser curvature of the stomach |
right gastric nodes are 2 to 3 in number |
| right gastro-omental nodes |
on the greater curvature of the stomach, along the right gastro-omental
vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the greater curvature of the stomach |
pyloric nodes |
greater curvature of the stomach |
right gastro-omental nodes are 6 to 12 in number |
| right lymphatic duct |
root of neck on the right side |
formed by the union of the right jugular trunk,the right subclavian trunk,
and the right bronchomediastinal trunk |
junction of the right subclavian v. and right internal jugular v. |
right half of the head and neck; right upper limb; right side of the chest |
right lymphatic duct has a valve near its termination; the three trunks
that form right lymphatic duct may drain separately into the venous system |
| sacral nodes |
along the course of the lateral sacral aa. |
lymphatic vessels from the pelvic viscera |
common iliac nodes |
prostate gland, uterus, vagina, rectum, posterior pelvic wall |
sacral nodes are 2 or 3 in number |
| spleen |
in the abdominal cavity below the left dome of the diaphragm, anterior to
the left kidney |
splenic brs. of the splenic a. |
splenic v. |
filters blood by phagocytosis; produces T & B-lymphocytes |
spleen contains nodules of lymphatic tissue |
| sternal nodes |
lateral border of sternum, along the course of the internal thoracic vessels |
anterior phrenic nodes, lymphatic vessels from the anterior thoracic wall |
larger lymphatic vessels in the root of the neck |
medial side of the mammary gland; medial part of the anterior chest wall
and muscles |
sternal nodes constitute an important drainage pattern in cases of cancer
of the mammary gland; one or two sternal nodes may be found in the anterior
end of intercostal spaces 1-6; also known as: parasternal nodes |
| subclavian trunk |
along the course of the subclavian v. |
apical axillary nodes; infraclavicular nodes |
drains into the junction of the internal jugular v. and the subclavian v. |
upper limb, most of breast, anterolateral chest wall |
subclavian lymphatic trunk occasionally drains into the thoracic duct on
the left side; on the right it occasionally drains into the right lymphatic
duct |
| submandibular nodes |
along the inferior border of the submandibular gland |
submental nodes; facial nodes; lymphatic vessels from the submandibular
and sublingual regions |
superior deep cervical nodes; juguloomohyoid node |
anterior part of tongue, lower lip, floor of the mouth, nose, cheeks, chin,
gums and lower incisor teeth, lower surface of palate |
submandibular nodes may be within the sheath of the submandibular gland;
this group consists of from 3 to 6 nodes |
| submental nodes |
under the mandible on the mylohyoid m. |
lymphatic vessels from the lower face and chin |
submandibular nodes, juguloomohyoid node |
tip of the tongue, lower lip, floor of the mouth, chin, gums and lower incisor
teeth |
submental nodes are important nodes to examine in cases of oral cancer caused
by the use of tobacco products |
| subscapular axillary nodes |
along the course of the subscapular vessels |
lymphatic vessels from the skin of the back and back of the neck; lymphatic
vessels from the muscles of the scapular region |
central axillary nodes |
skin of the back and back of the neck; muscles of the scapular and subscapular
regions |
subscapular axillary nodes are 5 or 6 in number; also known as: posterior
axillary nodes |
| superficial cervical nodes |
in superficial fascia and along superficial vessels of the head & neck |
lymphatic vessels from superficial structures in head & neck |
varies by group; ultimate destination is the jugular trunk |
head & neck |
several groups are designated by location: occipital, retroauricular, anterior
auricular, superficial parotid, facial, submental, submandibular, external
jugular, anterior jugular |
| superficial inguinal nodes |
in the superficial fascia parallel to the inguinal ligament and along the
terminal part of the greater saphenous v. |
lymphatic vessels from the superficial lower limb, superficial abdominal
wall, perineum |
external iliac nodes; deep inguinal nodes |
lower abdominal wall; external genitalia; superficial parts of the lower
limb |
superficial inguinal nodes are 12-20 in number; they become inflamed during
infections of the lower limb; they may become inflamed during infections of
the external genitalia |
| superficial parotid nodes |
superficial to the parotid gland and also deep to the parotid fascia |
anterior auricular nodes |
superior deep cervical nodes |
anterior surface of the ear and external acoustic meatus; temporal and frontal
regions; eyelids, lacrimal gland cheek and nose |
superficial parotid nodes are up to 10 in number and may be located superficial
or deep to the parotid fascia |
| superior deep cervical nodes |
around the internal jugular v., superior to the crossing of the omohyoid
m. |
numerous node groups of the head and upper neck, including retropharyngeal
nodes and deep parotid nodes |
inferior deep cervical nodes |
head and the superior part of the neck |
the superior deep cervical node group has many large nodes; the jugulodigastric
and juguloomohyoid nodes are members of this group |
| superior mesenteric nodes |
along the course of the superior mesenteric a. |
mesenteric nodes, ileocolic nodes, right colic nodes, middle colic nodes |
celiac nodes, intestinal lymph trunk |
gut and viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric a. |
superior mesenteric nodes are important in the spread of cancer from the
small and large intestine |
| superior tracheobronchial nodes |
superolateral to the tracheal bifurcation |
bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes |
paratracheal (tracheal) nodes |
lungs, middle mediastinum, posterior mediastinum |
inferior tracheobronchial nodes drain lymph from the lower lobe of the left
lung to the right superior tracheobronchial nodes |
| supraclavicular nodes |
in and around carotid sheath below level of omohyoid |
superior deep cervical nodes, transverse cervical nodes, spinal accessory
nodes |
efferents form the jugular lymphatic trunk |
head and neck |
also known as: inferior deep cervical nodes |
| thoracic duct |
between the esophagus anteriorly and the thoracic vertebral bodies posteriorly |
formed by the union of the lumbar lymph trunks, sometimes dilated to form
a cisterna chyli |
junction of the left subclavian v. and the left internal jugular v. |
all of the body and limbs below the respiratory diaphragm; the left side
of the chest, left upper limb and the left side of the head and neck above
the diaphragm |
thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel; it passes through the aortic
hiatus on the right side of aorta; it swings to the left side of the esophagus
at the T4-T5 intervertebral disc (at the level of the sternal angle) |
| thymus |
root of the neck and superior mediastinum posterior to sternum |
none |
parasternal nodes |
essential for normal development of the immune system maturation |
thymus involutes at puberty and is mostly replaced by a mass of fat |
| tonsil, lingual |
superior surface of the root of the tongue |
lymphatic vessels of the tongue |
superior deep cervical nodes |
"guards" the entrance of the oropharynx |
lingual tonsil is part of the tonsillar ring (of Waldeyer) |
| tonsil, palatine |
lateral wall of the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal
arches |
lymphatic vessels of the posterior tongue and palatoglossal/palatopharyngeal
arch region |
superior deep cervical nodes, especially the jugulodigastric node |
"guards" the entrance of the oropharynx |
palatine tonsil is part of the tonsillar ring (of Waldeyer) |
| tonsil, pharyngeal |
roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
lymphatic vessels of the wall of the pharynx |
superior deep cervical nodes |
"guards" the entrance to the nasopharynx |
pharyngeal tonsil is part of the tonsillar ring (of Waldeyer); also known
as: adenoids |
| tonsil, tubal |
pharyngeal recess |
lymphatic vessels of the torus tubarius and auditory tube |
superior deep cervical nodes |
"guards" the entrance to the nasopharynx |
tubal tonsil is located at the pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube |
| tracheal nodes |
coursing along the lateral surface of the trachea and esophagus |
superior tracheobronchial nodes |
bronchomediastinal trunk |
lungs, trachea, upper esophagus, the part of the larynx below the vocal
folds |
tracheal nodes are an important group of nodes in cases of pulmonary infection
or lung cancer; also known as: paratracheal nodes |
| tracheobronchial nodes |
along the trachea, around the tracheal bifurcation and primary bronchi |
lymphatic vessels from the lung |
bronchomediastinal lymph trunk |
lungs, visceral pleura, bronchi, thoracic part of trachea, left side of
heart, esophagus, posterior mediastinum |
tracheobronchial nodes may be divided into five groups: paratracheal (tracheal),
superior tracheobronchial, inferior tracheobronchial, bronchopulmonary (hilar),
pulmonary |
| tracheobronchial nodes, inferior |
inferior to tracheal bifurcation |
bronchopulmonary nodes, left side inferior tracheobronchial nodes drain
into right inferior tracheobronchial nodes |
right superior tracheobronchial nodes |
lower lobes of the lungs; middle mediastinum; posterior mediastinum |
left inferior tracheobronchial nodes drain to the right side |
| tracheobronchial nodes, superior |
superolateral to the tracheal bifurcation |
bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes |
paratracheal (tracheal) nodes |
lungs, middle mediastinum, posterior mediastinum |
inferior tracheobronchial nodes drain lymph from the lower lobe of the left
lung to the right superior tracheobronchial nodes |
| transverse cervical nodes |
along the course of the transverse cervical blood vessels |
accessory chain of nodes, sometimes the apical axillary nodes |
variable: jugular lymphatic trunk, right lymphatic trunk or thoracic duct |
lateral part of the neck, anterior thoracic wall, mammary gland |
transverse cervical nodes are approximately 10 in number and may drain directly
into the internal jugular v. or subclavian v. |
