Medical Gross Anatomy
Anatomy Tables - Arteries of the Pelvis and Perineum
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Medical Gross Anatomy |
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| Artery | Source | Branches | Supply to | Notes |
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| aorta, abdominal | the continuation of the descending thoracic aorta | inferior phrenic aa. (2), celiac trunk, middle suprarenal aa. (2), lumbar aa. (4 pairs), superior mesenteric a., renal aa. (2), testicular/ovarian aa. (2), inferior mesenteric a., median sacral a., common iliac aa. (2) | abdominal wall; gastrointestinal tract; body below the level of the respiratory diaphragm | abdominal aorta passes posterior to the diaphragm (aortic hiatus) at the level of the T12 vertebral body |
| of bulb of penis | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | bulb of the penis and associated tissues | artery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb |
| of bulb of vestibule | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | bulb of the vestibule and associated tissues | artery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb |
| clitoris, deep a. of | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | corpus cavernosum of the clitoris | deep a. of the clitoris and dorsal a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| clitoris, dorsal a. of | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | superficial structures of the clitoris | dorsal a. of the clitoris and deep a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| cremasteric | inferior epigastric a. | no named branches | cremaster m., coverings of the spermatic cord | cremasteric a. is one of the contents of the spermatic cord; it anastomoses with the testicular artery distally |
| deep external pudendal | femoral a. | unnamed muscular branches | origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus | deep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a. |
| deep, of clitoris | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | corpus cavernosum of the clitoris | deep a. of the clitoris and dorsal a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| deep, of penis | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | corpus cavernosum of the penis | deep a. of the penis and dorsal a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| dorsal, of clitoris | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | superficial tissues of the clitoris | dorsal a. of the clitoris and deep a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| dorsal, of penis | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | superficial tissues of the penis | dorsal a. of the penis and deep a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| ductus deferens, artery of | umbilical a.; may be a branch of the superior or inferior vesical a. | no named branches | ductus deferens, seminal vesical; possibly supplies the ureter | artery of the ductus deferens is also known as: deferential a. |
| epigastric, inferior | external iliac a. | cremasteric a. | lower rectus abdominis m., pyramidalis m., lower abdominal wall | inferior epigastric a. anastomoses with the superior epigastric a. within the rectus abdominis m. |
| external pudendal, deep | femoral a. | unnamed muscular branches | origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus | deep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a. |
| external pudendal, superficial | femoral a. | no named branches | skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region | superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.) |
| gluteal, inferior | internal iliac a., anterior division | unnamed muscular branches | gluteus maximus m., hip joint | inferior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of the hip |
| gluteal, superior | internal iliac, posterior division | superficial br., deep br. | gluteus maximus m., gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., hip joint | superior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of the hip |
| iliac, common | abdominal aorta | external iliac a., internal iliac a. | pelvis, lower limb | abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the L4 vertebral body to form the right and left common iliac aa.; the common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation into its terminal brs. (external iliac a. and internal iliac a.) |
| iliac, external | common iliac a. | inferior epigastric a., deep circumflex iliac a., femoral a. | lower limb | external iliac a. is continuous with the femoral a., the name change occurs at the inguinal ligament; the common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation |
| iliac, internal | common iliac a. | anterior division gives rise to the : umbilical a., obturator a., uterine a., vaginal a., inferior vesical a., middle rectal a., internal pudendal a., inferior gluteal a.; posterior division gives rise to the: iliolumbar a., lateral sacral a., superior gluteal a. | pelvic viscera, gluteal region, hip, medial thigh | common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation to form the internal iliac a. and the external iliac a. |
| iliolumbar | internal iliac a., posterior division | iliac br., lumbar br. | iliacus m., psoas major m., quadratus lumborum m. | lumbar br. of the iliolumbar a. sends a small spinal br. into the vertebral canal |
| inferior gluteal | internal iliac a., anterior division | unnamed muscular branches | gluteus maximus m., hip joint | inferior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of the hip |
| inferior rectal | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | anus, ischioanal fossa | inferior rectal a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior rectal a. |
| inferior vesical | internal iliac a., anterior division or it may arise from the middle rectal a. | no named branches | lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate/vagina | inferior vesical a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. |
| internal iliac | common iliac a. | anterior division gives rise to the : umbilical a., obturator a., uterine a., vaginal a., inferior vesical a., middle rectal a., internal pudendal a., inferior gluteal a.; posterior division gives rise to the: iliolumbar a., lateral sacral a., superior gluteal a. | pelvic viscera, gluteal region, hip, medial thigh | common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation to form the internal iliac a. and the external iliac a. |
| internal pudendal | internal iliac a., anterior division | inferior rectal a., perineal a., artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral a., deep clitoral/penile a., dorsal clitoral/penile a. | anus, muscles of the superficial and deep perineal spaces, clitoris/penis, posterior aspect of the scrotum/labium majus | internal pudendal a. is the primary blood supply to the perineum |
| labial, posterior | perineal a. | no named branches | posterior aspect of the labium majus | posterior labial a. courses through the superficial perineal space |
| lateral sacral | internal iliac a., posterior division | spinal brs. | sacrum, sacral nerve rootlets, meninges, adjacent muscles | there are usually 2 lateral sacral aa. on each side, a superior one and an inferior one |
| middle rectal | internal iliac, anterior division | no named branches | middle portion of the rectum | middle rectal a. anastomoses with the inferior rectal a and the superior rectal a. |
| obturator | internal iliac a., anterior division | pubic br., acetabular br., anterior br., posterior br. | medial thigh and hip | anterior and posterior brs. pass on the anterior and posterior sides of the adductor brevis m.; aberrant obturator a. arises from the inferior epigastric a. in 30% of cases |
| ovarian | abdominal aorta | tubal brs., uterine brs. | ovary, uterine tube | ovarian a. anastomoses with the uterine a. |
| penis, deep | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | corpus cavernosum of the penis | deep a. of the penis and dorsal a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| penis, dorsal | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | superficial tissues of the penis | dorsal a. of the penis and deep a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a. |
| penis, of bulb | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | bulb of the penis and associated tissues | artery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb |
| perineal | internal pudendal a. | posterior labial/scrotal; deep br. | posterior aspect of the scrotum/labium majus; muscles of the superficial perineal space | perineal a. courses superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.; it courses with the perineal n. |
| posterior labial | perineal a. | no named branches | posterior aspect of the labium majus | posterior labial a. courses through the superficial perineal space |
| posterior scrotal | perineal a. | no named branches | posterior aspect of the scrotum | posterior scrotal a. passes superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m. |
| pudendal, deep external | femoral a. | unnamed muscular branches | origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus | deep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a. |
| pudendal, internal | internal iliac a., anterior division | inferior rectal a., perineal a., artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral a., deep clitoral/penile a., dorsal clitoral/penile a. | anus, muscles of the superficial and deep perineal spaces, clitoris/penis, posterior aspect of the scrotum/labium majus | internal pudendal a. is the primary blood supply to the perineum |
| pudendal, superficial external | femoral a. | no named branches | skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region | superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.) |
| rectal, inferior | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | anus, ischioanal fossa | inferior rectal a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior rectal a. |
| rectal, middle | internal iliac, anterior division | no named branches | middle portion of the rectum | middle rectal a. anastomoses with the inferior rectal a and the superior rectal a. |
| rectal, superior | inferior mesenteric a. | two unnamed branches | superior part of the rectum | superior rectal a. is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric a. after the sigmoid brs. are given off; it anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the inferior rectal a. |
| sacral, lateral | internal iliac a., posterior division | spinal brs. | sacrum, sacral nerve rootlets, meninges, adjacent muscles | there are usually 2 lateral sacral aa. on each side, a superior one and an inferior one |
| sacral, median | abdominal aorta | 5th lumbar aa. | sacrum | median sacral a. appears to be the continuation of the abdominal aorta in the median plane, although it is much smaller in size |
| scrotal, posterior | perineal a. | no named branches | posterior aspect of the scrotum | posterior scrotal a. passes superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m. |
| superficial external pudendal | femoral a. | no named branches | skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region | superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.) |
| testicular | abdominal aorta | ureteric brs. | testis, epididymis, lower part of the ductus deferens, ureter near its midpoint | testicular a. is one of the contents of the spermatic cord; the origin of the testicular a. from the aorta at the L2 vertebral level indicates the embryonic level of origin of the testis prior to its descent |
| umbilical | internal iliac a., anterior division | superior vesical aa., a. of the ductus deferens | superior part of the bladder; ductus deferens | distal to the branches described at left, the lumen of the umbilical a. becomes obliterated after birth and the remnant of the vessel becomes the medial umbilical ligament |
| urethral | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | penile urethra | urethral a. branches off of the internal pudendal a. within the deep perineal space |
| uterine | internal iliac a., anterior division | tubal br., vaginal br. | uterus, uterine tube | uterine a. anastomoses with the ovarian a. and the vaginal a.; it passes superior to the ureter in the pelvis; remember the saying "water under the bridge" |
| vaginal | internal iliac a., anterior division; occasionally it arises from uterine a. | numerous unnamed branches | vagina | anastomoses with the uterine a.; participates in the formation of the azygos arteries along the lateral surface of the vagina |
| vesical, inferior | internal iliac a., anterior division or it may arise from the middle rectal a. | no named branches | lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate/vagina | inferior vesical a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. |
| vesical, superior | umbilical a. | no named branches | superior aspect of the bladder | superior vesical aa.arise from the umbilical a. proximal to where its lumen becomes obliterated |
| vestibule, bulb of | internal pudendal a. | no named branches | bulb of the vestibule and associated tissues | artery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb |
| The material presented in these tables is
contained in the book: MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York Copyright © 1995, unauthorized use prohibited. |
The excellent editorial assistance of Dr. Pat Tank, UAMS is gratefully acknowledged. |
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| Copyright© 2000 The University of Michigan. Unauthorized use prohibited. |
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