Education

• 1963-1964 – Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH
• 1964-1967 – University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; A.B.
• 1967-1971 – State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; M.D.

Postdoctoral Training

• 1971-1976 – House Officer I-V (Including Senior Residency) in General Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1973-1974 – House Officer III - Surgical Research in Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endocrinology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1976-1978 – House Officer VI-VII Residency in Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI

Academic Appointments

• 1978-1983 – Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN
• 1978-1983 – Chief, Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, Nashville Veteran's Administration Hospital, Nashville, TN
• 1984-Present – Clinical Associate Professor, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1985-1986 – Associate Head, Department of General Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Catherine McAuley Health Center, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1990-1999 – Head, Section of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1997-1999 – Associate Head, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1999-Present – Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
• 1999-Present – Head, Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI